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Last reviewed: 2026-06-09 Freshness source: cmd/bd/init.go, cmd/bd/init_safety.go, cmd/bd/init_safety_test.go, and cmd/bd/dolt.go. This document lives next to the ADRs and matches the structure of bd’s error messages: each named refusal in bd init and bd dolt push/pull points here to a labeled anchor with step-by-step recovery instructions. See also: bd help init-safety, and ADR 0002 — bd init safety invariants.

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Table of contents

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init-force-refused

Exit code: 10 (ExitRemoteDivergenceRefused) Symptom 
bd init refuses: remote 'origin' already has Dolt history (refs/dolt/data).
  Why: this init mode would create or reuse local history instead of
       adopting the remote. ...
Why this happens bd init --force (or --reinit-local) tells bd to bypass the local data-safety guard. bd init --from-jsonl selects a local JSONL export as the source. But the remote already has project history. Proceeding would create an orphan local Dolt branch with no common ancestor on origin. The next bd dolt push would either fail (no common ancestor) or — worse, if force-pushed — destroy the team’s data. Recovery paths Pick the one that matches your intent.

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1. You want to adopt the remote’s history (most common)

bd bootstrap
This clones the remote’s Dolt database into a fresh local .beads/. Your local state is ignored; the team’s history becomes yours.

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2. You want to diagnose what went wrong before deciding

bd doctor
bd dolt status
bd doctor walks the local + remote state and names concrete problems. bd dolt status shows the Dolt-level view. Neither modifies anything.

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3. You intentionally want to overwrite the remote’s history (destructive)

This is a cross-boundary operation that affects every collaborator. You need to pair the local-source init (--reinit-local or --from-jsonl) with --discard-remote. In interactive mode bd will prompt for confirmation; in non-interactive mode you must supply a --destroy-token. See bd help init-safety for the token format. After bd init --reinit-local --discard-remote, your next bd dolt push must be a history-replacing push. Coordinate with your team before doing this.

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init-token-missing

Exit code: 12 (ExitDestroyTokenMissing) Symptom 
bd init refuses: --discard-remote requires an explicit destroy-token in non-interactive mode.
Why this happens You’re running non-interactively (CI, agent, piped input) and passed --discard-remote. Destructive cross-boundary operations cannot be authorized silently. Recovery paths

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1. Run interactively

Re-run in a TTY. bd init --reinit-local --discard-remote will prompt you to type the destroy-token at confirmation time.

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2. Supply the token explicitly (CI/automation)

The token format is DESTROY-<issue-prefix>. For a project whose issue prefix is bd: 
bd init --reinit-local --discard-remote --destroy-token=DESTROY-bd
Automation should template the token from project state, not from error output. See ADR 0002 — Invariant 4 for why the token is never echoed in bd’s error messages.

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init-local-exists

Exit code: 11 (ExitLocalExistsRefused) Symptom 
Refusing to destroy N issues in non-interactive mode.
  See 'bd help init-safety' for the required --destroy-token format.
Or, in interactive mode, you declined the typed destroy N issues confirmation. Why this happens Local .beads/ has existing issues. bd init --reinit-local would permanently destroy them. Recovery paths

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1. Export first, then proceed

bd export > issue-export.jsonl
bd init --reinit-local
issue-export.jsonl lets you re-import individual issues if needed. It is not a full database backup; use bd backup when the Dolt database is healthy enough to create a restorable backup before reinitializing.

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2. Investigate why you hit this

If you did NOT expect bd init to be the right command here, run bd doctor first — you may be looking at a server config issue that a re-init won’t fix.

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pk-fork-refused

Symptom 
$ bd dolt pull
Error: ... cannot merge because table dependencies has different primary keys in its common ancestor
(or the variant without in its common ancestor). bd follows the error with a short version of the recovery recipe below. Why this happens The two histories being merged disagree about a table’s primary key set — not about row contents. Dolt can cell-merge rows, but it refuses outright to merge a table whose primary key was reshaped differently on each side (or whose common ancestor had a different primary key than both sides). The refusal happens before any row conflicts materialize, so bd dolt pull’s conflict auto-resolver never gets a chance to run. Retrying never helps: the histories are permanently un-mergeable. The usual cause is upgrading bd independently on two clones while un-synced changes existed on both sides, across a release whose schema migrations reshape a primary key. Concretely: the #4259 incident — clones straddling the 0041/0043/0050 reshapes of dependencies (v1.0.4 → v1.0.6) hit exactly this on the first post-upgrade pull if both sides had unpushed dependency edits. The remote-migrate prevention gate (v1.0.6+) exists to stop this from being created: it refuses to auto-migrate a remote-backed database and tells you to designate a single migrator. This playbook is for when the fork already exists. Recovery: bootstrap from one canonical clone The forked histories cannot be merged, so one side must be chosen as canonical and every other clone re-cloned from it. Issue data survives via JSONL export/import; only the un-mergeable Dolt history is discarded on the non-canonical clones.

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1. Pick the canonical clone

Usually the most complete / most recently active clone. To compare, run on each clone (read-only): 
bd stats
bd dolt status

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2. On the canonical clone: upgrade, migrate, force-push

bd version                 # confirm the new bd binary
bd doctor                  # sanity-check before publishing
bd dolt push --force       # make the remote authoritative
(bd’s migration gate may block here; run bd migrate --force on the canonical clone — that is exactly the designated-migrator case the gate is asking about. BD_ALLOW_REMOTE_MIGRATE=1 is the env-var equivalent for scripted use.)

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3. On EVERY other clone: save local-only work, re-clone, re-apply

bd export --all -o /tmp/beads-local.jsonl    # safety net for un-synced work
rm -rf .beads/dolt                           # discard the un-mergeable history
bd bootstrap                                 # re-clone from the remote
bd import /tmp/beads-local.jsonl             # re-apply local-only work
bd import has upsert semantics: issues that only existed on this clone are re-created, newer local edits are applied, and rows older than what the remote already has are skipped. Spot-check with bd stats afterwards.

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Prevention (upgrades across PK-reshaping migrations)

  • Sync before upgrading: bd dolt push + bd dolt pull on every clone while all clones still run the old version, then stop editing. Once the new binary is installed, bd dolt push/bd dolt pull are gated too, so this must happen first.
  • One designated migrator: upgrade one machine, let it migrate, then bd dolt push.
  • Every other clone adopts, does not pull: after the migrator pushes, each other clone upgrades the binary and runs bd bootstrap to adopt the migrated database. bd dolt pull is refused while the clone still has pending migrations, so do not rely on it; the “sync before” step above is what preserves these clones’ work, because bd bootstrap replaces the local database.